soo saaraha garaafka

Mareegtan waxay isticmaashaa cookies si aan kuu siino khibrad isticmaale oo wanaagsan. Macluumadka kukiyada waxa lagu kaydiyaa browser-kaaga waxayna qabataa hawlo kala duwan, sida in lagu aqoonsado marka aad ku soo noqoto mareegahayaga iyo in ay naga caawiso fahamka qaybaha shabakada ee aad ka heli karto kuwa ugu xiisaha iyo faa'iidada badan. Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah, fadlan eeg Siyaasaddayada Kukiyada
Kukiyadan waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu gudbiyo mareegahayaga iyo waxa ku jira. Kukiyada daruuriga ah ee lama huraanka ah waxay gaar u yihiin deegaankeena martigelinta, halka cookies-ka shaqeynaya loo isticmaalo si loo fududeeyo soo galitaanka bulshada, wadaaga warbaahinta bulshada iyo ku-xidhka nuxurka warbaahinta badan.
Kukiyada xayaysiisyadu waxay ururiyaan macluumaadka ku saabsan caadooyinkaaga wax baadh, sida boggaga aad booqato iyo xidhiidhada aad raacdo. Xogta dhegeystaha waxa loo istcimaalaa in mareegahayaga laga dhigo mid khuseeya.
Kukiyada waxqabadka waxay ururiyaan macluumaadka qarsoodiga ah waxaana loogu talagalay inay naga caawiyaan hagaajinta shabakadeena oo aan daboolno baahiyaha dhagaystayaasheenna. Waxaan u isticmaalnaa macluumaadkan si aan uga dhigno shabakadeena mid dhakhso badan, cusub oo cusub oo aan u wanaajino hagidda dhammaan isticmaalayaasha.
Falanqeeyaha macdanta ee firfircoon Ryan Long wuxuu si dhow u eegaa kaydka graphite ee dhaqdhaqaaqa taarikada tectonic ee warshadaha.
Shiinuhu waxa uu keli ku ahaa wax-soo-saarka garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee adduunka in ka badan 30 sano, isaga oo soo saaray qiyaastii 60-80% garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee adduunka.
Laakiin tiro badan oo ka mid ah horumarinta gees-goynta adduunka oo dhan, oo ay weheliso qiimayaal sare, waxay la macno tahay in qaybinta juqraafiyeed ee suuqa garaafyada dabiiciga ah ay ku dhowdahay inay isbedelaan.
Baahida garaafyada ayaa kor u kacaysa marka isticmaalkeeda ku jira batariyada lithium-ion ay kordho, qiimaha kor u kaca.
Qiimaha graphite flake (94% C-100 mesh) ee Shiinaha ayaa ka kacay $530/t Sebtembar 2021 ilaa $830/t bishii Maajo 2022 waxaana la filayaa inuu gaadho $1,000/t 2025.
Garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee lagu iibiyo Yurub ayaa qiimo jaban kaga gatay garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee Shiinaha, isaga oo ka kacay $980/t Sebtembar 2021 ilaa $1,400/t bishii Maajo 2022.
Qiimaha garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee sarreeya waxay u badan tahay inay bixiso xawaaraha loo baahan yahay si loo bilaabo mashruucyada garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee cusub ee ka baxsan Shiinaha.
Natiijo ahaan, qaar ka mid ah saadaaliyayaashu waxay aaminsan yihiin in saamiga Shiinaha ee suuqa garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee caalamiga ah uu hoos uga dhici karo 68% 2021 ilaa 35% marka la gaaro 2026.
Sida qaybinta suuqa garaafyada dabiiciga ah isu beddelo, sidoo kale cabbirka suuqa ayaa la filayaa inuu isbeddelo, sida Warbixinta Biraha Khatarta ah ee Aqalka Cad ayaa soo jeedinaysa in baahida garaafyada ee shidaalka fosil ee isbeddelka tamarta ee 2040 ay kordhin doonto 25 jeer marka la barbar dhigo wax soo saarka 2020 .
Maqaalkan, waxaan ku eegi doonaa qaar ka mid ah shirkadahan caalamiga ah ee macdanta garaafyada dabiiciga ah ee hore u shaqeynaya oo raadinaya inay ballaariyaan hawlahooda, iyo sidoo kale kuwa horumarinta mashruuca ee diyaar u ah inay u guuraan wax soo saarka oo ka faa'iidaystaan ​​​​kor u kaca qiimaha garaafyada dabiiciga ah.
Northern Graphite Corp (TSX-V: NGC, OTCQB: NGPHF) waxay leedahay saddex hanti garaafeed hormuudka ka ah. Shirkaddu waxay hadda ka shaqeysaa macdanta Lac des Iles (LDI) ee Quebec, taasoo soo saarta 15,000 metrik ton (t) oo garaaf ah sannadkii.
LDI waxay ku dhowdahay dhamaadka nolosheeda, laakiin Woqooyi waxay saxeexday ikhtiyaar si ay u hesho mashruuca Mousseau West, kaas oo ay qorsheynayso inay u isticmaasho si loo kordhiyo nolosha warshadda LDI.
Mashruuca Mousseau West wuxuu ku yaalaa meel 80 km u jirta warshadda LDI, taas oo shirkaddu ay aaminsan tahay in ay tahay masaafo dhaqaale oo lagu qaado alaabta.
Waqooyigu waxay qorsheynayaan inay kordhiyaan wax soo saarka LDI ilaa 25,000 tan sanadkii (t/y) iyadoo la isticmaalayo Mousseau West ore. Qiyaasta kheyraadka mashruuca Galbeedka Mousseau waa 4.1 milyan tan (mt) oo leh darajada Graphite Carbon (GC) 6.2%.
Dhanka kale, shirkadu waxay sidoo kale kor u qaadaysaa macdanta Okanjande-Okorusu, taas oo dib-u-cusboonaysiin lagu sameeyay. Khayraadka cusub ee Okanjande-Okorusu ee la cabiray iyo la tilmaamay waa 24.2 Mt oo wadarta guud ee gaaska lagu qiyaasay 5.33%, khayraadka la qiyaaso waxa lagu qiyaasaa 7.2 Mt oo wadarta gaasta lagu qiyaaso 5.02%, cimilada ku meel gaadhka ah iyo la tilmaamay inay tahay 7.1 million tons wadarta gaasta ka kooban 4.23%, khayraadka lagu qiyaasay waxa lagu qiyaasay 0.6 metric ton. waxa ku jira 3.41% HA
Woqooyigu waxay dhawaan dhamaystirtay Qiimaynta Dhaqaalaha Horudhaca ah (PEA) ee dib-u-bilawga macdanta Okanjande Okorusu, iyada oo u malaynaysa nolosha miinada ee 10 sano, celceliska qiimaha saafiga ah ee hadda jira ka dib cashuurta $ 65 milyan, heerka cashuurta ka dib ee soo celinta 62%, iyo qiimaha garaafyada. 1500 dollar halkii ton.
Qiyaasta kharashaadka hawlgalka ee mashruuca waa $775 halkii ton, kharashyada raasamaalkuna waa $15.1 milyan si dib loogu bilaabo wax soo saarka. Waqooyiga ayaa qorsheynaya in ay dib u bilaabaan wax soo saarka bartamaha 2023 iyada oo celceliska awoodda qiyaastii 31,000 t/y, laakiin mustaqbalka fog, Waqooyigu waxay qorsheynayaan inay dhisaan warshad cusub oo warshadeed oo awood u leh 100,000-150,000 t/y.
Goobteeda saddexaad, Mashruuca Bissett Creek, waxay leedahay NI 43-101 Qiyaasta Khayraadka Macdanta oo ah 69.8 tan oo khayraad la cabbiray lana tilmaamay 1.74% GC iyo 24 tan oo kheyraad la qiyaasay 1.65% GC.
PEA la cusboonaysiiyay oo la daabacay Diseembar 2018 ayaa taxaysa celceliska wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah ee 38,400 tan 15kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Kharashyada hawlgelinta ayaa celcelis ahaan ahaa $642 halkii ton oo xoog uruursi ah, iyada oo kharashaadka raasumaalka ah $106.6 milyan ee Wajiga 1 iyo $47.5 milyan oo dheeraad ah oo loogu talagalay raasumaalka ballaarinta Wajiga 2.
Wax soo saarka ugu horreeya ayaa la filayaa inuu noqdo 40,000 ton sannadkii, iyo marka uu suuqu kordho, tani waxay kordhin doontaa 100,000 oo tan sannadkii, taasoo siinaysa mashruuca qiimaha saafiga ah ka dib canshuuraha $ 198.2 million USD 1,750 halkii tan. Dhismaha warshadda Bisset Creek ee ugu horreysa ayaa la filayaa inay bilaabato rubuci labaad ee 2023.
Tirupati Graphite PLC (LON: TGR, OTC: TGRHF) waa soo saaraha isku dhafan ee garaafyada flake dabiiciga ah ee horumarsan, garaafka gaarka ah iyo graphene. Shirkaddu waxay hadda kor u qaadaysaa wax soo saarka macdanta Sahamamy iyo Vatomina ee Madagascar, iyada oo rabta inay soo saarto 84,000 oo tan oo garaaf ah sannadkii 2024.
Sahamamy hadda waxay haysataa qiyaasta Khayraadka Macdanta ee JORC 2012 oo ah 7.1 tan 4.2% GC, halka Vatomina ay hadda haysato JORC 2012 Khayraadka Macdanta 18.4 tan oo ka kooban 4.6% GC.
Marka la gaaro Sebtembar 2022, Tirupati waxay kordhin doontaa awoodda wax-soo-saarka garaafyada flake ee Madagascar min 12,000 tan sanadkii ilaa 30,000 tan sanadkii, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah kuwa yar ee soo saara macdanta ugu waaweyn ee ka baxsan Shiinaha.
Volt Resources Ltd (ASX:VRC) waxay saamiyo ku leedahay laba mashruuc oo garaaf ah, kan kowaad waa boqolkiiba 70 saamiga ganacsiga garaafyada ee Zavaliev ee Ukraine iyo tan labaad waa boqolkiiba 100 saamiga mashruuca Bunyu graphite ee Tansaaniya.
Magaalada Zavalyevsk, Volt wuxuu hadda qorsheynayaa inuu soo saaro inta u dhaxaysa 8,000 iyo 9,000 tan oo alaab garaaf ah sannadkiiba dhammaanaya Juun 30, 2023, ka dib dib-u-soo-saarka guul leh.
Volt wuxuu qorsheynayaa inuu ku horumariyo mashruuca Bunyu laba weji si loo dardargeliyo wax soo saarka. 2018 Suurtagalnimada Daraasada Wajiga 1 ayaa lagu aqoonsaday hawlgal soo saaraya 23,700 tan sanadkii in ka badan 7.1 sano oo nolosha miinada ah. Kharashyada hawlgelinta waxa lagu qiyaasaa $664/t halka raasumaalkana uu yahay $31.8 milyan, taasoo keentay in qiimaha saafiga ah ee hadda jira mashruuca ka dib cashuurta $14.7 milyan. Mareykanka, iyo heerka soo celinta gudaha waa 19.3%.
Daraasadda ugu dambeysa ee suurtogalka ah ee wejiga labaad ayaa la dhammeyn doonaa isla marka la dhisayo wejiga koowaad. Marxaladda 2 DFS waxay ku salaysnaan doontaa Diseembar 2016 Daraasadda Fuur-galnimada Kahor (PFS) taasoo go'aamisay celceliska wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah ee 170,000 I ee wareegga nolosha 22-sano. Kharashyada hawlgelinta ayaa celcelis ahaan US$536 halkii ton ee uruurinta iyo kharashaadka raasamaalku ay dhan yihiin US$173 milyan.
Marka loo eego celceliska qiimaha garaafyada ee $1,684 halkii ton, qiimaha saafiga ah ee PFS10 cashuurta ka dib 2016 waa $890 milyan iyo heerka cashuurta ka dib ee soo celinta gudaha waa 66.5%.
Sovereign Metals Ltd (ASX:SVM, AIM:SVML) waxay ku horumarinaysaa miinada Cassia rutile graphite ee Malawi.
Debaajiga Kasia waa mid aan caadi ahayn maadaama ay tahay kayd culus oo haraaga ah oo leh xaddi badan oo garaafka. Khayraadka Macdanta ee JORC 2012 ee mashruuca waxa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo tan celcelis ahaan 1.32% GC iyo 1.01% rutile.
Kasia ayaa la filayaa in loo horumariyo laba waji. Marxaladda koowaad waxay soo saari doontaa 85,000 tan oo garaafyo flake ah iyo 145,000 tan oo rutile ah sannadkii iyadoo ay ku kacayso raasumaalka US$372 milyan.
Wajiga labaad ee mashruuca waxa uu soo saari doonaa 170,000 tan oo garaaf ah oo flake ah iyo 260,000 tan oo rutile ah sanadkiiba waxana uu kordhin doonaa kharashka raasumaalka US$311 milyan.
Daraasadda xaddidan (SS), oo la dhammeeyey Juun 2022, waxay muujisay qiimaha saafiga ah ee hadda jira8 ka dib canshuuraha $ 1.54 bilyan iyo heerka canshuurta ka dib ee soo celinta 36% nolosha miinada ee bilawga ah ee 25 sano. SS waxay u qaadanaysaa celceliska qiimaha dambiisha oo ah $1,085/t garaafka iyo $1,308/t rutile, iyo kharashyada hawlgelinta ee $320/t rutile iyo alaabta garaafyada.
Sovereign Metals ayaa ka bilaabay shaqada PFS, kaas oo la filayo in la dhammeeyo horraanta 2023. Natiijooyinka balaadhinta iyo barnaamijyada qodista ka hor ayaa la filayaa qaybta labaad ee 2022.
Blencowe Resources PLC (LON: BRES) waxay horumarinaysaa mashruuceeda garaafka Orom-Cross ee Uganda. Mashruuca Orom Cross wuxuu hadda leeyahay JORC 2012 oo lagu qiyaasay Khayraadka Macdanta 24.5 tan oo leh GC darajo 6.0%.
Daraasadii dhawaan la dhamaystiray ee suurtogalnimada ka hor ee mashruuca ayaa muujisay qiimaha saafiga ah ka dib cashuuraha $482 milyan iyo heerka gudaha ee soo celinta cashuuraha 49% celcelis ahaan qiimaha dambiisha oo dhan $1,307 halkii ton oo garaaf ah muddo 14 sano ah. adeegyada miinada. Kharashka ku baxaya mashruucan ayaa ah $499 halkii ton halka raasumaalkana uu yahay $62 milyan.
Mashruucan ayaa la filayaa in loo soo saaro wejiyo, iyada oo la filayo in warshad tijaabo ah ay bilaabato nuska dambe ee 2023 oo awood wax-soo-saar sanadeedkeedu dhan yahay 1,500 oo tan, ka dibna la bilaabo tas-hiilaadka ugu horreeya ee wax-soo-saarka sannadka 2025-ka oo wax-soo-saar sannadle ah lagu samayn doono. awoodda 36,000 tan. 50,000-100,000 tan marka la gaaro 2028, ilaa 100,000-147,000 tan marka la gaaro 2031. Mashruuca waxaa la filayaa in DFS ay soo gabagabeyso dhamaadka 2023.
Blackearth Minerals NL waxay horumarinaysaa mashruuceeda garaafka Manniry ee koonfurta Madagascar iyo daraasadda ugu dambeysa ee suurtogalnimada (DFS) ayaa la filayaa inay dhacdo Oktoobar 2022. Qiyaasta Kheyraadka Macdanta ee JORC 2012 ee mashruuca waa 38.8 tan oo leh darajada GC ee 6.4%.
SS-ka la cusboonaysiiyay, ee la daabacay Diseembar 2021, wuxuu qeexayaa cashuurta ka dib NPV10 oo ah $184.4 milyan iyo heerka cashuurta ka hor ee soo celinta 86.1% celcelis ahaan qiimaha garaafyada ee $1,258 halkii ton.
Mashruucan ayaa la filayaa in loo fuliyo laba weji, iyada oo wejiga koowaad uu ku kacayo US$ 38.3 milyan, celcelis ahaan wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah 30,000 oo tan muddo afar sano ah. Kharashka raasumaalka ee wejiga labaad waa US$26.3 milyan iyada oo celcelis ahaan wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ahi yahay 60,000 tan muddo 10 sano ah. Celceliska qiimaha macdan qodista ee mashruuca hoos yimaada waa $447.76/tan oo ah xooga saarista.
Blackearth waxa kale oo ay leedahay boqolkiiba 50 saamiga la wadaaga shirkadda Metachem Manufacturing Company, oo ah hormuudka soo saaraha hormoodka garaafyada la fidin karo iyo alaabada kale ee warshadaysan, si loo horumariyo warshad garaafeed la fidin karo gudaha Hindiya.
Shirkad wadajir ah oo la yiraahdo Panthera Graphite Technologies ayaa qorsheyneysa inay bilowdo horumarinta warshadda Sebtembar 2022, iyadoo la dhammaystirayo loo qorsheeyay horraanta 2023 iyadoo iibka ugu horreeya la filayo rubuci labaad ee 2023.
Warshadu waxay rajaynaysaa inay soo saarto 2000-2500 tan oo garaaf ah oo la fidin karo sannadkii saddexda sano ee ugu horreeya. Kadibna shirkadu waxay qorshaynaysaa inay kordhiso wax soo saarka ilaa 4000-5000 tan/sanadkii. Qorshaha kharashka raasumaalka ah ee wejiga koowaad oo ah $3 milyan, sanadka ugu horreeya ee wax-soo-saarka ayaa la filayaa in uu soo saaro $7 milyan, iyada oo wejiga labaad dakhli sannadeedka uu kordho $18-20.5 milyan.
Evolution Energy Minerals Ltd (ASX: EV1) waxay kor u qaadaysaa mashruuceeda garaafka Chilalo ee Tansaaniya. Khayraadka Macdanta ee Chilalo oo heerkiisu sarreeyo ayaa lagu qiyaasay 20 tan 9.9% GC halka Khayraadka Macdantana lagu qiyaasay 47.3 tan 3.5% GC.
DFS, oo la daabacay Janaayo 2020, waxay go'aamisay NPV8-cashuurta ka dib oo ah $323 milyan iyo heerka canshuurta gudaha ee soo celinta 34% celcelis ahaan qiimaha garaafiga ah $1,534 tankiiba. Qiyaasta kharashka raasumaalka ah ee mashruuca ayaa ah US$87.4 milyan celceliska waxsoosaarka sanadlaha ahna waa 50,000 oo tan 18-kii sano ee miinada.
Mashruuca DFS iyo Front End Engineering (FEED) ee la cusboonaysiiyay ee Chilalo ayaa hadda socda. Evolution wuxuu kaloo u wakiishay Auramet International inay la taliso Chilalo oo ay bixiso maalgelinta mashruuca.